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- Date: Thu, 23 Jun 94 04:30:13 PDT
- From: Ham-Policy Mailing List and Newsgroup <ham-policy@ucsd.edu>
- Errors-To: Ham-Policy-Errors@UCSD.Edu
- Reply-To: Ham-Policy@UCSD.Edu
- Precedence: Bulk
- Subject: Ham-Policy Digest V94 #279
- To: Ham-Policy
-
-
- Ham-Policy Digest Thu, 23 Jun 94 Volume 94 : Issue 279
-
- Today's Topics:
- CW - THE GEEZER MODE!
- Ham-Policy Digest V94 #277
- LARC vs ARRL now moot?
-
- Send Replies or notes for publication to: <Ham-Policy@UCSD.Edu>
- Send subscription requests to: <Ham-Policy-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu>
- Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu.
-
- Archives of past issues of the Ham-Policy Digest are available
- (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/ham-policy".
-
- We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text
- herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official
- policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Date: 22 Jun 94 15:42:00 GMT
- From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu
- Subject: CW - THE GEEZER MODE!
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- ----------
- >In article <2E075522@msmail.uthscsa.edu> you wrote:
- >
- >: Lets see your computer pick out one signal among several hundred
- >: in an RTTY or any other digital mode pileup!
- >
- >Um, I guess the authors of the ax.25 mode weren't smart enough to think
- >of that....
- >
- >There aren't digital pileups for precisely the reasons you mentioned:
- >Humans don't run the radio, and therefore, my computer is not tempted to
- >cause malicious interferance to other stations. In fact, it is quite
- >polite and always takes it's turn. Once in a great while it will
- >transmit when another station does, but the frequency clears, the
- >computers sort their differences out, and the information gets through.
- >
- >Not only that, but the computers can sort out upwards of 20 different
- >conversations going on on the same frequency.
- >
- >All modes have their ups and downs. Quit slamming the one you don't use
- >in a public forum. Notice that I sent this to you in PRIVATE mail.
- >And most importantly, let others enjoy the art of making RF waves in
- >whatever fashion they like... as long as they don't break the groundrules
- >laid by Part 97, anyway.....
- >
- >I will you my 73... (rifle that is - old radiotelegraph ops quote)
- >Nate Duehr
- >
- >--
- >###########################################################
- >Nathan N. Duehr - Private Pilot - Student Commercial Pilot
- >Email: nduehr@netcom.com AMPRnet: n0ntz@n0ntz.ampr.org
- >CAP: Pikes Peak 120 Ham BBS: n0ntz@n0qcu.#neco.co.usa.na
- >Memorable quote:"Scan 1.08 found "Windows" - Remove (y/n)?"
- >###########################################################
- >
-
- Nate,
- Thanks for your considerate response. You are one of the
- rare ones that does not resort to name calling when you do not
- agree with an opinion, I respect that. Sure, *YOUR* computer is
- only as considerate as its operator. You could still hit that
- "send key" at any time. I didn't mean to slam any particular
- mode. I do use RTTY, AMTOR, PACKET, etc. and as you said, each
- has its place.
- Straight key CW has always been one of my favorite modes. That's
- not because I can't use any other modes. I have a Yaesu FT-890
- with the FL-7000 amp (great rigs!) plus several others. I enjoy
- the other modes and use them regularly (semi).
- As I said in my original posting, CW is one of the easiest modes
- to use for difficult conditions. That is why there are endorsements
- for WAC, WAS, DXCC etc for SSB, RTTY....
- So there....
- 73 Nate.
-
-
- Kevin
-
- Legal stuff:
- The above opinions are my own and not necessarily those of the staff,
- faculty, administration, or lab animals (woof!) of The University of
- Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Kevin R. Muenzler, WB5RUE The University of Texas Health
- muenzlerk@uthscsa.edu Science Center at San Antonio,
- Department of Computing Resources
- ** He who tootheth not his own horn the same shall not be tooted **
- ** There is no such thing as a Monkey-Proof Program! **
- ** I can prove it! **
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 22 Jun 94 11:58:56 GMT
- From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu
- Subject: Ham-Policy Digest V94 #277
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- At the risk of taking this discussion off on another tangent, CW does
- have another, not often-cited advantage -- its slow data rate...
-
- How's that? Well, many people around the world don't speak English well,
- or at all. Many of us have rudiments of a foreign language, or want to
- learn. The very "slowness" of CW encourages me to try my French with F,
- FG, FO hams. They, by the same token, don't have to worry about their
- accent in English, and can take the time to "write" grammatically enough
- to be understood. Q signals are also a help in this respect, of course.
-
-
-
- 73, Pete
- N4ZR@netcom.com
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 22 Jun 1994 21:09:06 GMT
- From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!swrinde!howland.reston.ans.net!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!ceylon!news2.near.net!info-server.bbn.com!news!levin@network.ucsd.edu
- Subject: LARC vs ARRL now moot?
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- I was pleased to see in the July issue of QST that regardless of
- whether ARRL and Lambda ARC have settled the issue of advertising, the
- editorial department has no qualms about reporting LARC activities;
- there is a two-page spread on the topic of DXpeditions LARC and/or its
- members have participated in.
-
- /JBL
-
- [P.S. Followups have been redirected. Unless you plan to discuss the
- contents of the article in question, please respect this if you
- choose to follow up.]
-
- ==
- Nets: levin@bbn.com | "The Pledge of Allegiance says '..with liberty and
- pots: (617)873-3463 | justice for all'. What part of 'all' don't you
- KD1ON | understand?" --Rep. Pat Schroeder (D) Colorado
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 22 Jun 1994 07:35:41 GMT
- From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!gatech!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary@network.ucsd.edu
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- References <2tsod8$h04@cat.cis.Brown.EDU>, <2u4k1v$iog$1@rosebud.ncd.com>, <CrrAGq.C9t@world.std.com>
- Reply-To : gary@ke4zv.atl.ga.us (Gary Coffman)
- Subject : Re: Existing regulations limit our advancement.
-
- In article <CrrAGq.C9t@world.std.com> dts@world.std.com (Daniel T Senie) writes:
- >In article <2u4k1v$iog$1@rosebud.ncd.com> stevew@sheridan.ncd.com (Steve Wilson) writes:
- >>Reverse auto-patches are nominally considered illegal under most circumstances.
- >>(This should start a nice little flame war ;-) because a non-amateur isn't
- >>allowed to cause a transmitter to turn-on.(That is the normal arguement
- >>anyway.) So, here is something potentially useful that IS prevented by the
- >>current regulations.
- >
- >[ much material deleted]
- >
- >I'll bite on this one. The repeater is under automatic control. The controller
- >is able to sense conditions, and give indications. Some repeater controllers
- >announce the time every so often (responded to a change in the clock, thus
- >an automatic stimulus) some repeaters indicate a change in temperature at
- >the repeater site. Others give an indication of intrusion alarm if someone
- >enters the repeater site.
- >
- >What is different about the fact that the repeater notices that the phgone
- >is ringing? They are ALL things that the repeater observed in its environment,
- >and reported upon.
-
- The difference is that phone patches are *third party* communications
- and repeaters cannot operate under automatic control while conducting
- third party communications (97.109(e)). Also 97.115(b)(1) requires the
- control operator to directly supervise any third party communications.
- Airing a third party by just automatically answering the phone with no
- idea who is on the other end is the height of lack of supervision. It
- *could* be a telemarketer calling every number in the exchange. That
- would be illegal commercial use of amateur radio.
-
- It might be all right if the repeater were to send telemetry saying
- "the phone's ringing, and the caller ID is XXX-XXXX" and letting the
- control operator then decide whether to issue commands to answer the
- phone. At least that's *some* degree of supervision.
-
- Gary
- --
- Gary Coffman KE4ZV | You make it, | gatech!wa4mei!ke4zv!gary
- Destructive Testing Systems | we break it. | uunet!rsiatl!ke4zv!gary
- 534 Shannon Way | Guaranteed! | emory!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary
- Lawrenceville, GA 30244 | |
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 22 Jun 1994 11:32:34 GMT
- From: world!drt@uunet.uu.net
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- References <2u4k1v$iog$1@rosebud.ncd.com>, <CrrAGq.C9t@world.std.com>, <1994Jun22.073541.1103@ke4zv.atl.ga.us>
- Subject : Re: Existing regulations limit our advancement.
-
- Gary Coffman (gary@ke4zv.atl.ga.us) wrote:
-
- : The difference is that phone patches are *third party* communications
- : and repeaters cannot operate under automatic control while conducting
- : third party communications (97.109(e)). Also 97.115(b)(1) requires the
- : control operator to directly supervise any third party communications.
- : Airing a third party by just automatically answering the phone with no
- : idea who is on the other end is the height of lack of supervision. It
- : *could* be a telemarketer calling every number in the exchange. That
- : would be illegal commercial use of amateur radio.
-
- : It might be all right if the repeater were to send telemetry saying
- : "the phone's ringing, and the caller ID is XXX-XXXX" and letting the
- : control operator then decide whether to issue commands to answer the
- : phone. At least that's *some* degree of supervision.
-
- How about if everyone entrusted with reverse autopatch privileges were
- given a unique password? They would become control ops, but that's
- okay. The repeater could keep records of who was on when. You could
- even have the machine announce who was engaging the reverse patch
- before connecting, so everyone could verify that no password had been
- compromised, or disable the ones that were right away.
-
- -drt
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- |David R. Tucker KG2S 8P9CL drt@world.std.com|
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 22 Jun 1994 07:08:33 GMT
- From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!howland.reston.ans.net!gatech!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary@network.ucsd.edu
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- References <215.364.1442.0NA70318@megasystem.com>, <062094101728Rnf0.78@amcomp.com>, <CrpwG2.Lot@news.Hawaii.Edu>■â
- Reply-To : gary@ke4zv.atl.ga.us (Gary Coffman)
- Subject : Re: CW - THE ONLY MODE!
-
- In article <CrpwG2.Lot@news.Hawaii.Edu> jeffrey@kahuna.tmc.edu (Jeffrey Herman) writes:
- >I'm curious about something that might seem completely unrelated to the
- >code vs no-code debate: Most 4-year colleges/universities still require
- >2 years of a foreign language. Those of you who believe that code is
- >outdated and/or shouldn't be given the present weight it enjoys on
- >the amateur exams, please ask yourself the following: Is this 2-year
- >foreign language requirement outdated in that there are other necessary
- >skills required for students to master in order to be ready for today's
- >work-force upon graduation?
-
- Well first I'd note that Morse is not a language, so the parallel isn't
- there. Now to answer the question, I'd say that yes, the requirement
- is obsolete (actually always has been) for most jobs in the workforce.
- Jobs that deal with import/export could benefit from knowledge of Japanese
- or Spanish, but with the now near universal dominance of English as the
- language of commerce, that's not a hard and fast requirement. Note that
- IVECO, an international consortium with 5 different native languages,
- chose to conduct all their operations in English, a language that's not
- native to any of the consortium members, because English is the language
- of international commerce. For most US workers, knowledge of a second
- language will never be an issue in their job performance.
-
- I'd note that this is the traditional engineering/technical school
- view that's in contrast to the "liberal arts" view of the schools
- of humanities and education. Those fuzzy thinkers consider knowledge
- of a second language "broadening", but then so are Moon Pies if done
- to excess.
-
- Gary
-
- --
- Gary Coffman KE4ZV | You make it, | gatech!wa4mei!ke4zv!gary
- Destructive Testing Systems | we break it. | uunet!rsiatl!ke4zv!gary
- 534 Shannon Way | Guaranteed! | emory!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary
- Lawrenceville, GA 30244 | |
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 22 Jun 1994 21:17:55 GMT
- From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!swrinde!howland.reston.ans.net!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!uhog.mit.edu!news.mtholyoke.edu!world!dts@network.ucsd.edu
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- References <2u4k1v$iog$1@rosebud.ncd.com>, <CrrAGq.C9t@world.std.com>, <1994Jun22.073541.1103@ke4zv.atl.ga.us>
- Subject : Re: Existing regulations limit our advancement.
-
- In article <1994Jun22.073541.1103@ke4zv.atl.ga.us> gary@ke4zv.atl.ga.us (Gary Coffman) writes:
- >In article <CrrAGq.C9t@world.std.com> dts@world.std.com (Daniel T Senie) writes:
- >>In article <2u4k1v$iog$1@rosebud.ncd.com> stevew@sheridan.ncd.com (Steve Wilson) writes:
- >>>Reverse auto-patches are nominally considered illegal under most circumstances.
- >>>(This should start a nice little flame war ;-) because a non-amateur isn't
- >>>allowed to cause a transmitter to turn-on.(That is the normal arguement
- >>>anyway.) So, here is something potentially useful that IS prevented by the
- >>>current regulations.
- >>
- >>[ much material deleted]
- >>
- >>I'll bite on this one. The repeater is under automatic control. The controller
- >>is able to sense conditions, and give indications. Some repeater controllers
- >>announce the time every so often (responded to a change in the clock, thus
- >>an automatic stimulus) some repeaters indicate a change in temperature at
- >>the repeater site. Others give an indication of intrusion alarm if someone
- >>enters the repeater site.
- >>
- >>What is different about the fact that the repeater notices that the phgone
- >>is ringing? They are ALL things that the repeater observed in its environment,
- >>and reported upon.
- >
- >The difference is that phone patches are *third party* communications
- >and repeaters cannot operate under automatic control while conducting
- >third party communications (97.109(e)). Also 97.115(b)(1) requires the
-
- Sure, the PATCH is third party. But the ringing of the telephone is not.
- A HAM must punch the codes that connect the controller to the phone line
- proper.
-
- The controller could ALSO notice, in addition to the fact that the
- phone is ringing, what number originated the call, and announce
- that. In that case, the ham can decide if the call should be
- answered (assumes caller ID).
-
- >control operator to directly supervise any third party communications.
- >Airing a third party by just automatically answering the phone with no
- >idea who is on the other end is the height of lack of supervision. It
- >*could* be a telemarketer calling every number in the exchange. That
- >would be illegal commercial use of amateur radio.
-
- No. The HAM picked up the phone. The repeater and the ham in the
- car are NOT in the telemarketing business. Therefore the signal
- carried over RF (the part that's covered by part 97) was done
- under the control of hams, not under control of the telemarketer, and
- therefore there is no business use. Same thing as calling a pizza
- joint.
-
- >
- >It might be all right if the repeater were to send telemetry saying
- >"the phone's ringing, and the caller ID is XXX-XXXX" and letting the
- >control operator then decide whether to issue commands to answer the
- >phone. At least that's *some* degree of supervision.
-
- Agreed as a better supervision, but not required...
-
- --
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
- Daniel Senie Internet: dts@world.std.com
- Daniel Senie Consulting n1jeb@world.std.com
- 508-779-0439 Compuserve: 74176,1347
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 22 Jun 1994 17:51:00 EST
- From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!swrinde!howland.reston.ans.net!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!wariat.org!dreaml!jga@network.ucsd.edu
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- References <061994105340Rnf0.78@amcomp.com>, <2u3aea$ggf@chnews.intel.com>, <062094095031Rnf0.78@amcomp.com>reaml
- Subject : Re: 440 in So. Cal.
-
- -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
-
- dan@amcomp.com (Dan Pickersgill) writes:
-
- [bunch of stuff deleted]
- >Now we can use the term 'open' correctly , to mean a carrier operated
- >squelch system.
-
- I see. Now 'open' means the machine is just carrier-operated. There is no
- such thing as an 'open' machine that is in buzz-guard? (avoiding Motorola's
- trademark so Karl doesn't have to reply just to explain it again) I can
- think of a few. 'Open' is the policy of the trustee, not the mechanical
- or electrical requirements to key the machine. If I had a machine that was
- in buzz and DTMF access, but I didn't care who used it, or who had the
- DTMF code, then that would be an 'Open' repeater. If you don't have buzz
- in your radio, well too bad. Just because everyone and his brother CAN'T
- get in to the machine doesn't mean that it is 'Closed'.
-
- Now, I don't want any reply with the 'All repeaters are closed' arguement.
- Yes. I agree. But there are such things as 'Open' repeaters, since it is
- up to the trustee.
-
- - -j
-
- - --
- Jon Anhold N8USK - PGP Key available on request - (jga@dreaml.wariat.org)
- "Where you come from is gone.. Where you thought you were going to was never
- there, and where you are ain't no good unless you can get away from it."
- This .signature brought to you by the letter "Z" and the numbers "0" and "3".
-
- -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
- Version: 2.6
-
- iQCVAgUBLgi0G4GdevUcYbJdAQHH5wP9HW7zQp2mF8EhMTH+BTYyFymM+aa+6g14
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- =D+2Z
- -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 22 Jun 1994 23:26:57 GMT
- From: news.Hawaii.Edu!kahuna!jeffrey@ames.arpa
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- References <062094101728Rnf0.78@amcomp.com>, <CrpwG2.Lot@news.Hawaii.Edu>, <1994Jun22.070833.939@ke4zv.atl.ga.us>■«
- Subject : Re: CW - THE ONLY MODE!
-
- In article <1994Jun22.070833.939@ke4zv.atl.ga.us> gary@ke4zv.atl.ga.us (Gary Coffman) writes:
- >In article <CrpwG2.Lot@news.Hawaii.Edu> jeffrey@kahuna.tmc.edu (Jeffrey Herman) writes:
- >>I'm curious about something that might seem completely unrelated to the
- >>code vs no-code debate: Most 4-year colleges/universities still require
- >>2 years of a foreign language. Those of you who believe that code is
- >>outdated and/or shouldn't be given the present weight it enjoys on
- >>the amateur exams, please ask yourself the following: Is this 2-year
- >>foreign language requirement outdated in that there are other necessary
- >>skills required for students to master in order to be ready for today's
- >>work-force upon graduation?
-
-
- >Well first I'd note that Morse is not a language, so the parallel isn't
- >there.
-
- My intent was not to call Morse code a language. It was to see if the
- type of reasoning which some use to say that code is obsolete parallels
- the reasoning used to say that knowledge of a foreign language is
- obsolete.
-
- I would suspect that those who say Morse isn't an efficient use
- of time would similarly state that learning a foreign is not an
- efficient use of time during the undergrad years. Of course, I
- believe BOTH are an efficient use of one's time. I don't believe
- that streamlining the undergrad curriculum to just one's major
- is beneficial to the student or to society.
-
- As a Ph.D. student I have to demonstrate proficiency in three
- scientic languages, for in the course of research one cannot
- expect all research journals to be translated into English.
-
- >Now to answer the question, I'd say that yes, the requirement
- >is obsolete (actually always has been) for most jobs in the workforce.
-
- At least my hypothesis was correct in regards to you, for we also
- know your stance towards code.
-
- Jeff NH6IL
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 23 Jun 94 04:06:23 -0500
- From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!howland.reston.ans.net!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!ulowell!woods.uml.edu!martinja@network.ucsd.edu
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- References <062094101728Rnf0.78@amcomp.com>, <CrpwG2.Lot@news.Hawaii.Edu>, <1994Jun22.070833.939@ke4zv.atl.ga.us>
- Subject : Re: CW - THE ONLY MODE!
-
- In article <1994Jun22.070833.939@ke4zv.atl.ga.us>, gary@ke4zv.atl.ga.us
- (Gary Coffman) writes:
- > In article <CrpwG2.Lot@news.Hawaii.Edu> jeffrey@kahuna.tmc.edu
- (Jeffrey Herman) wrote:
- >>I'm curious about something that might seem completely unrelated to the
- >>code vs no-code debate: Most 4-year colleges/universities still require
- >>2 years of a foreign language. Those of you who believe that code is
- >>outdated and/or shouldn't be given the present weight it enjoys on
- >>the amateur exams, please ask yourself the following: Is this 2-year
- >>foreign language requirement outdated in that there are other necessary
- >>skills required for students to master in order to be ready for today's
- >>work-force upon graduation?
-
- > Well first I'd note that Morse is not a language,
-
- Bzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzt!!!
-
- Then what the hell is it? Boy! We are really digging deep for the crap now!
-
- My pocket dictionary has as one of its definitions for "language" as follows:
-
- A system of signs, symbols, etc. used for communications.
-
- This along with every other definition for language colors you somewhat
- incorrect. Some of defenses I'm seeing against the code are living proof
- that the "dummy down" theory is alive and well in amateur radio.
-
- Another thing, cw is NOT an obsolete mode. It is one of many modes available
- to those who have learned it and like to use it. I think many folks have
- things confused here. Doesn't "obsolete" mean no longer in use? Or variations
- of that definition? I tune across the HF spectrum daily and hear plenty of
- cw all over the place. Outside as well as inside the amateur bands. I think
- what you and others are really trying to say is that you don't believe it
- should be used as a ticket to obtain HF privileges. Heck, as it is the
- no-code techs have more privileges above 50 MHz than anyone else has below.
- Of course except for Novices, everyone else has the privileges above too.
-
- Just because there is a growing number of folks wanting either the code speed
- requirement slowed or the eradication of code, it doesn't mean it's
- going to happen. It certainly does not mean that code is obsolete. IMHO
- whether it is obsolete or whether it should not be used as a requirement to
- gain HF privileges we should realize that the two have nothing to do with
- each other and that the main argument is not whether code is obsolete
- but as I said above, whether it should be used as a requirement to obtain
- HF operating privileges.
-
- I'm seeing a lot of people coming in here and posting just for the sake of
- argument. Fine. But be realistic. I do see a day in the future where the
- requirements are going to be much different than we see them now. And as
- the number of non-code folks increases so will the political clout of that
- particular faction and they will eventually get what they want. But, I also
- see them eventually losing all that they got. Because down the road there will
- be a newer faction wanting something and these same non-code folks will be
- screaming and trying to preserve what they have. Eventually, someone in a
- high political office is going to say enough is enough.
-
- Even though technology will make more efficient use of the frequency spectrum,
- that still won't be enough to quench the thirst of the spectrum hungry
- commercial interests. They got bucks. And bucks talk. You cannot deny that.
- That is what will eventually get you what you want now. The radio folks
- are chomping at the bit to get you those HF privileges so they can sell you
- those shiny new rigs. And then, when you abuse the heck outta what you got...
- BOOM! Anyone caught operating those shiny new rigs on those frequencies
- that USED to belong to the Amateur Radio Service will be attacked by the
- Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Rigs, and Firearms. You know, the BATRF.
- You really think that we will receive congressional protection of the
- frequencies we have now? Heck, they can't even protect the Constitution of
- this country. You watch! Things will get twisted and turned and loopholes
- will erode it all away. No? You say no? Oh you are so blind as to what is
- really going on in this world.
-
- Be thankful for what you have now. Be patient for the changes that will be
- made in your favor. Finally, be thankful for what you had when they take it
- away from you. Sounds prophetic doesn't it?
-
- It's meant to be....sort of.
-
- JJm \/\/K1\/
-
- ------------------------------
-
- End of Ham-Policy Digest V94 #279
- ******************************
-